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Tell es-Safi (Arabic: تل الصافي, Tall aṣ-Ṣāfī, "the white hill"; Hebrew: תל צפית, Tel Tzafit) was a Palestinian village, located on the southern banks of Wadi 'Ajjur, northwest of Hebron that was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war on orders of Shimon Avidan, commander of the Givati Brigade.〔Morris, 2004, p. (436 )〕 Archaeological excavations at the site reveal that it had been continuously inhabited since the 5th millennium BCE.〔 On the Madaba Map, the name is ''Saphitha'', while the Crusaders called it ''Blanche Garde''. It is mentioned by Arab geographers in the 13th and 16th centuries. Under the Ottoman Empire, it was part of the district of Gaza. In modern times, the houses were built of sun-dried brick. The villagers were Muslim and cultivated cereals and orchards. Today Tell es-Safi is an archaeological site.〔Hastings and Driver, 2004, p. (114 )〕 The remains of the Crusader fort and the Arab village can still be seen on the tell.〔 ==History== Tell es-Safi sits on a site above the plain of Philistia and above sea level, and its white-faced precipices can be seen from the north and west from several hours distant.〔 Excavations there indicate that the site was settled, "virtually continuously from the Chalcolithic until the modern periods." Stratigraphic evidence attests to settlement in the Late Bronze and Iron Age (I & II) periods.〔Negev and Gibson, 2005, p. (445 )〕 A large city in the Iron Age, the site was "enclosed on three sides by a large man-made siege-moat."〔Wigoder, 2005, pp. 348-9.〕 Some archaeologists believe that Tell es-Safi was the site of the Philistine city ''Gath'', though the identification is uncertain and was opposed by Albright.〔Bromiley, 1982, pp. ( 411 )-413〕 The place appears on the Madaba Map as ''Saphitha''. Israeli archeologists have uncovered a Philistine temple and evidence of a major earthquake in biblical times. Other major finds were evidence of the destruction of Gath by Hazael King of Aram-Damascus around 830 BCE, and evidence of the first Philistine settlement in Canaan.〔(In the Spotlight, Jerusalem Post )〕 During the Crusades, the site was called ''Blanchegarde'', ("White guard"), likely referring to the white rock outcrop next to the site.〔Khalidi, 1992, p. 222〕 In 1142 a fort was built on the site by King Fulk, it was dismantled after being taken by Saladin in 1191,〔〔Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. (440 )〕 but reconstructed by Richard of England in 1192. King Richard was nearly captured while inspecting his troops next to the site.〔 Shortly thereafter Blanchegard was retaken by Muslims forces. The remnants of the square castle and its four towers served as a place of some importance in the village well into the 19th century.〔〔Pringle, 1997, p. ( 93 )〕〔Rey, 1871, pp. (123 )-125; illustrated〕 Yaqut al-Hamawi, writing in the 1220s, described the place as a fort near Bayt Jibrin in the Ramleh area,〔〔le Strange, 1890, (p.544 )〕 while the Arab geographer Mujir al-Din al-Hanbali (d. ca. 1522), noted that the village was within the administrative jurisdiction of Gaza.〔〔le Strange, 1890, p. (41 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tell es-Safi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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